A: Check the following: Check the hardware connection of the Router’s LAN port. The LED will lit when a proper connection is made. Check your Windows TCP/IP setting (Refer to Chapter 3 for setting details). Open the Windows System Command Prompt: i. For Windows 9x/ME: Manually enter winipcfg, then press Enter. ii. For Windows 2000/XP: Manually enter ipconfig/all, then press Enter. You should have the following information listed on your Window System: i. IP Address: 192.168.1.x ii. Submask: 255.255.255.0 iii. Default Gateway IP: 192.168.1.1

A: Ensure that the WL ACT LED indicator of the Router is correctly illuminated. 1. Check whether your Wireless LAN setting (e.g. SSID, Channel Number) is the same as your Router. Check whether you use the same WEP Key Encryption or WPA key for both your Wireless LAN and your Router.

A: Please follow the steps below to enable UPnP in Windows XP 1.Click “Start”  “Settings” then “Control Panel”. 2. The “Control Panel” window appears. Click “Add or Remove Programs”. 3. The “Add or Remove Programs” window appears. Click “Add/Remove Windows Components”. 4. The “Windows Components Wizard” appears. Select “Networking Services” in the Components list and click “Details”. 5. The “Networking Services” window appears. Select “Universal Plug and Play” and click “OK”. 6. Click “Next” to start the installation and follow the instructions in the Windows Components Wizard. Note : System may ask for original Windows XP CD-ROM. Insert the CD-ROM and direct Windows to the proper location of the CD-ROM. Restart your Windows system to activate your setting might be necessary. Click “OK” to restart your Windows system. 7. A “Completing the Windows Components Wizard” will appears indicating the installation was successful. Click “Finish” to quit.

A:lease follow the steps below to obtain IP automatically in Windows Vista. Step 1: Click Start→Control Panel. Step 2: Double-click the Network and Sharing Center. Step 3: Click on the Manage network connections Step 4: Right Click on the Local Area Connection and select Properties. Step 5: Go to General icon, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/Ipv4) and click Properties. Step 6: Go to General icon, select Obtain an IP address automatically and DNS server address automatically.

A:Please follow the steps below to obtain IP automatically in Windows XP. Step 1: Click Start→Control Panel→Classic View. Step 2: Double-click the Network Connections. Step 3: Right Click on the Local Area Connection and select Properties. Step 4: Go to General icon, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties. Step 5: Go to General icon, select Obtain an IP address automatically and DNS server address automatically. Then, click OK.

A:The reboot and restore to factory defaults feature will set the device to its factory default configuration by resetting the 4 Ports 11g Wireless ADSL2/2+ Router. To Reset the ADSL Router: Ensure that the device is powered on. Press the Reset button for 10~15 seconds and release. The LED indicators will turns OFF and ON again indicates that the reset is in progress. Do not power off the device during the reset process. Reset is completed when the LED indicator return to steady green. The default settings are now restored. The rear panel of the ADSL router

A: Check the following: Make sure that the LAN cables are securely connected to the 10/100Base-T port. Make sure that you are using the correct cable type for your Ethernet equipment. Make sure the computer's Ethernet port is configured for auto-negotiation.

A: To verify whether the LAN path from your PC to your Router is properly connected, you can “Ping” the Router with the following procedures: From the Windows toolbar, click “Start” and select “Run”. In the open field, type “Ping 192.168.1.1” and click “OK” If the path is working, you should see the message in the following format: Reply from 192.168.1.1 bytes = 32 time < 10ms TTL = 60 If the path is not working, you should see the following message: Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly: Make sure the LAN port LED indicator is on. Check whether you are using the correct LAN cable. Check your Ethernet Adaptor installation and configurations. Verify that the IP address for your Router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet.

A:Check the following: Make sure that the Router is plugged into a power socket. Make sure that you are using the correct power supply for your Router device. Make sure the power switch on the Router is turned on

A:The default user ID is ‘Admin’ or ‘admin’ and default password is ‘Admin’ or ‘admin’. The default IP of the ADSL router is 192.168.1.1.

A:DMZ(DeMilitarized zone) allows one IP Address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP if you want to use DMZ features.

Install the wireless router or access point in a central location. For example, in the center location of the building. Avoid physical obstructions, such as Plaster or brick walls, Cabinets, furniture Avoid reflective surfaces, such as Mirrors, Metal file cabinets, Stainless steel countertops Install the wireless access point or router at least 1 m (3 feet) away from other home appliances that send wireless signals in the same frequency range, such as microwave ovens, cordless telephones, baby monitors. install the unit away from electrical equipment, such as electric fans, motors, fluorescent lighting.

A:Within LAN, the Switch operates at layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI 7 layer model. Normally the Switch has the learning capability to record the MAC for each port, and then the packets will be sent to the destination port referring to the DA (Destination Address) of the packets, and other ports will not receive the packets.

A:Generally speaking, a switch has the potential to quickly change how nodes communicate with each other, and a switch usually work at Layer 2 (Data or Datalink) of the OSI Reference Model, using MAC addresses. On the other hand, a router works at Layer 3 (Network) with Layer 3 addresses (IP, IPX or Appletalk, depending on which Layer 3 protocols are being used). Besides, a switch uses different algorithms from a router to decide how to forward packets. One of these differences in the algorithms between a switch and a router is how broadcasts are handled. On any network, the concept of a broadcast packet is vital to the operability of a network. Whenever a device needs to send out information but doesn't know whom to send, it sends out a broadcast. For example, every time a new computer or other device comes on to the network, it sends out a broadcast packet to announce its presence. The other nodes (such as a domain server) can add the computer to their browser list (kind of like an address directory) and communicate directly with that computer from that point on. Broadcasts are used any time a device needs to make an announcement to the rest of the network or is unsure of who the recipient of the information should be. A hub or a switch will pass along any broadcast packets they receive to all the other segments in the broadcast domain, but a router will not. Think about a four-way intersection: All of the traffic passed through the intersection no matter where it was going. Now imagine that this intersection is at an international border. To pass through the intersection, you must provide the border guard with the specific address that you are going to. If you don't have a specific destination, then the guard will not let you pass. A router works like this. Without the specific address of another device, it will not let the data packet through. This is good to keep networks separate from each other, but not so good when you want to talk between different parts of the same network. This is where switches come in.

A:A switch is effectively a higher-performance alternative to a hub. Users can benefit more from a switch than a hub. Technically speaking, hubs operate using a broadcast model and switches operate using a virtual circuit model. When four computers are connected to a hub, for example, and two of those computers communicate with each other, hubs simply pass through all network traffic to each of the four computers. Switches, on the other hand, are capable of determining the destination of each individual traffic element (such as an Ethernet frame) and selectively forwarding data to the one computer that actually needs it. By decreasing network traffic in delivering messages, a switch performs better than a hub on busy networks. Inside a hub, all ports are connected to each other. A hub provides a network, which connects all stations together, shares the same path and operation mode. For example, when five PCs connected to a 100Mbps hub, these 5 PC will share the 100Mbps and each PC can only obtain 20Mbps bandwidth. Also, when one port in a hub receives a data frame, the hub will copy this frame to all ports in that hub. The features will not only expose all data to public but also cause serious collision when the traffic increases. On the other hand, inside a switch, all the ports are connected to each other only when addressed. A switch provides a network, which connects stations only when they access each other. Each port on a 100Mbps switch has independent 100Mbps bandwidth. A switch will learn the attached PC's MAC address automatically. When receiving a data frame, it will check MAC table. If the switch finds the MAC address in the table, it will transfer the data directly to that port and reduce the traffic rather than copy to all ports. As a result, collision seldom happens in a switch.

A: A Switch is suggested to be used while below status occurred: Server requesting takes longer time caused by network collisions occurring seriously. Transmission getting slower within the network collision area. The traffic jam occurs within the network due to segment bandwidth bottleneck. The bandwidth gets insufficient within the network effected by the traffic increasing.

Use the adapter’s wireless utility instead of Windows Wireless configuration utility. Install Windows Update KB893357 on your XP computer.Visit the following link to get more information and to download the Microsoft Windows update, http://www.microsoft.com/ downloads/details.aspx? familyid=662BB74D-E7C1-48D6- 95EE-1459234F4483&displaylang =en.

A: 1.Click the Start button -> Run -> Type in ‘cmd’ and press Enter 2.On the black screen, type the command ‘ipconfig’ and press Enter to check the IP address

A:No, Only one Webcam is supported.

A:The Router supports maximum of 2 USB ports.

A:Basic Universal Repeater Set Up Prerequisites: 1.The SSID of the wireless router that you want to extend     Note: Universal Repeater only works without encryption, ex. No WEP, No WPA… Steps:   1. Logon Web admin: ex. http://192.168.1.254   2. On the left pane, go to Wireless -> Basic Settings Click on “Enable Universal Repeater Mode” In the “SSID of Extended Interface”, enter the SSID of the wireless router that you want to extend Click on “Apply Changes” button Finish

Basic WDS Set Up Prerequisites: 0. Please set different LAN IP addresses for the routers. (Under LAN settings) 1. The MAC addresses of the routers that you want to set up WDS. To participate in a WDS, wireless routers must be set to operate in bridge mode with the same channel and know each other’s MAC address. If applicable, they must also use the same security settings. Steps: 1. Logon Web admin: ex. http://192.168.1.254 2. On the left pane, go to Wireless -> Basic Settings   a.In the Mode pull-down menu, choose “WDS” or “AP+WDS”   b.Click on “Apply Changes” button 3. On the left pane, go to Wireless -> WDS    a.Click on ‘Enable WDS’    b.Enter the MAC Address of another wireless router    c.Click on “Apply Changes” button 4. Repeat the above steps on another wireless router 5. Finish

A:Auto-negotiation has become a basic feature of network equipment, and it provides the following benefits: 11.1 Automatic Connection The primary benefit of Auto-negotiation is the automatic connection of the highest performance technology available without any intervention from a user, manager, or management software. 11.2 Backwards Compatibility If Auto-negotiation exists at only one end of a twisted-pair link, it finds that the Link device does not support the Auto-negotiation mechanism. Instead of exchanging configuration information, it examines the receiving signal. If Auto-negotiation finds that the signal matches a technology that the device itself supports, the technology will be triggered immediately. This function, also known as Parallel Detection, gives Auto-negotiation the ability to be compatible with any device that does not support Auto-negotiation. Yet Auto-negotiation still support 10BASE-T, and 100BASE-TX, connection to any technology by Parallel Detection other than those listed above is not supported by Auto-negotiation. 11.3 Network Protection Auto-negotiation assures preservation of network integrity and minimization of network down time. In particular, Hubs are a primary beneficiary of this feature. If a hub has Auto-negotiation, it will refuse the connection and allow the rest of the networks to continue as usual. In fact, with Auto-negotiation in the hub, the network users are protected from any connection that the hub cannot recognize of accept. 11.4 Upgrade Path New nodes on the market will have 100Mbps functionality as well as traditional 10BASE-T. This means that there will be some latent performance available as these new nodes are added to an old 10BASE-T network. When the performance issue becomes critical, the latent ability can be tapped into by upgrading the hub. Auto-negotiation enables the upgrade to occur without reconfiguring each node and/or each port on the new hub.

A:Auto-negotiation is a mechanism that takes control of the cable when a connection is established to a network device. Auto-negotiation detects the various modes that exist in the device on the other end of the wire, and advertises it own abilities to automatically configure the highest performance mode of interoperation. Auto-negotiation automatically switches to the correct technology, such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, or a corresponding Full Duplex mode. Once the highest performance common mode is determined, Auto-negotiation passes control of the cable to the appropriate technology and becomes transparent until the connection is broken. Auto-negotiation leverages the proven link function of 10BASE-T to provide robust operation over Category 3, 4, or 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP.)

A:

Within LAN, the Switch operates at layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI 7 layer model. Normally the Switch has the learning capability to record the MAC for each port, and then the packets will be sent to the destination port referring to the DA (Destination Address) of the packets, and other ports will not receive the packets.

A:

Auto-negotiation has become a basic feature of network equipment, and it provides the following benefits: 11.1 Automatic Connection The primary benefit of Auto-negotiation is the automatic connection of the highest performance technology available without any intervention from a user, manager, or management software. 11.2 Backwards Compatibility If Auto-negotiation exists at only one end of a twisted-pair link, it finds that the Link device does not support the Auto-negotiation mechanism. Instead of exchanging configuration information, it examines the receiving signal. If Auto-negotiation finds that the signal matches a technology that the device itself supports, the technology will be triggered immediately. This function, also known as Parallel Detection, gives Auto-negotiation the ability to be compatible with any device that does not support Auto-negotiation. Yet Auto-negotiation still support 10BASE-T, and 100BASE-TX, connection to any technology by Parallel Detection other than those listed above is not supported by Auto-negotiation. 11.3 Network Protection Auto-negotiation assures preservation of network integrity and minimization of network down time. In particular, Hubs are a primary beneficiary of this feature. If a hub has Auto-negotiation, it will refuse the connection and allow the rest of the networks to continue as usual. In fact, with Auto-negotiation in the hub, the network users are protected from any connection that the hub cannot recognize of accept. 11.4 Upgrade Path New nodes on the market will have 100Mbps functionality as well as traditional 10BASE-T. This means that there will be some latent performance available as these new nodes are added to an old 10BASE-T network. When the performance issue becomes critical, the latent ability can be tapped into by upgrading the hub. Auto-negotiation enables the upgrade to occur without reconfiguring each node and/or each port on the new hub.

A:

3G Technology International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications defined by the International Telecommunication Union,which includes GSM EDGE, UMTS, and CDMA2000 as well as DECT and WiMAX. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink with HSPA+). Thus, 3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined the third generation (3G) of mobile telephony standards – IMT-2000 – to facilitate growth, increase bandwidth, and support more diverse applications. For example, GSM (the current most popular cellular phone standard) could deliver not only voice, but also circuit-switched data at download speeds up to 14.4 kbps. But to support mobile multimedia applications, 3G had to deliver packet-switched data with better spectral efficiency, at far greater speeds. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

Auto-negotiation is a mechanism that takes control of the cable when a connection is established to a network device. Auto-negotiation detects the various modes that exist in the device on the other end of the wire, and advertises it own abilities to automatically configure the highest performance mode of interoperation. Auto-negotiation automatically switches to the correct technology, such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, or a corresponding Full Duplex mode. Once the highest performance common mode is determined, Auto-negotiation passes control of the cable to the appropriate technology and becomes transparent until the connection is broken. Auto-negotiation leverages the proven link function of 10BASE-T to provide robust operation over Category 3, 4, or 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP.)

A:

BT (Bit Torrent) Bit Torrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. Bit Torrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, and by Ipoque estimates it accounted for approximately 27-55% of all Internet traffic depending on geographical location as of February 2009. Bit Torrent protocol allows users to receive large amounts of data without putting the level of strain on their computers that would be needed for standard Internet hosting. A standard hosts' servers can easily be brought to a halt if extreme levels of simultaneous data flow are reached. The protocol works as an alternative data distribution method that makes even small computers with low bandwidth capable of participating in large data transfers. First, a user playing the role of file-provider makes a file available to the network. This first user's file is called a seed and its availability on the network allows other users, called peers, to connect and begin to download the seed file. As new peers connect to the network and request the same file, their computer receives a different piece of the data from the seed. Once multiple peers have multiple pieces of the seed, Bit Torrent allows each to become a source for that portion of the file. The effect of this is to take on a small part of the task and relieve the initial user, distributing the file download task among the seed and many peers. With Bit Torrent, no one computer needs to supply data in quantities, which could jeopardize the task by overwhelming all resources, yet the same final result—each peer eventually receiving the entire file—is still reached. After the file is successfully and completely downloaded by a given peer, the peer is able to shift roles and become an additional seed, helping the remaining peers to receive the entire file. The community of Bit Torrent users frowns upon the practice of disconnecting from the network immediately upon success of a file download, and encourages remaining as another seed for as long as practical, which may be days. This distributed nature of Bit Torrent leads to a viral spreading of a file throughout peers. As more peers join the swarm, the likelihood of a successful download increases. Relative to standard Internet hosting, this provides a significant reduction in the original distributor's hardware and bandwidth resource costs. It also provides redundancy against system problems, reduces dependence on the original distributor and provides a source for the file, which is generally temporary and therefore harder to trace than when provided by the enduring availability of a host in standard file distribution techniques.), the name of the standard protocol used by the Microsoft Windows network file system. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

DDNS Dynamic DNS is a method, protocol, or network service that provides the capability for a networked device, such as a router or computer system using the Internet Protocol Suite, to notify a domain name server to change, in real time (ad-hoc) the active DNS configuration of its configured hostnames, addresses or other information stored in DNS. A popular application of dynamic DNS is to provide a residential user's Internet gateway that has a variable, often changing, IP address with a well known hostname resolvable by network applications through standard DNS queries. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:	DMZ(DeMilitarized zone) allows one IP Address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP if you want to use DMZ features.

A:

FTP File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over an Internet Protocol computer network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server applications. Client applications were originally interactive command-line tools with standardized command syntax, but graphical user interfaces have been developed for all desktop operating systems in use today. FTP is also often used as an application component to automatically transfer files for program internal functions. FTP can be used with user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

FTP File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over an Internet Protocol computer network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server applications. Client applications were originally interactive command-line tools with standardized command syntax, but graphical user interfaces have been developed for all desktop operating systems in use today. FTP is also often used as an application component to automatically transfer files for program internal functions. FTP can be used with user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

NAT In computer networking, network address translation (NAT) is the process of modifying network address information in datagram packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device for the purpose of remapping a given address space into another. Most often today, NAT is used in conjunction with network masquerading (or IP masquerading) which is a technique that hides an entire address space, usually consisting of private network addresses (RFC 1918), behind a single IP address in another, often public address space. This mechanism is implemented in a routing device that uses stateful translation tables to map the "hidden" addresses into a single address and then rewrites the outgoing Internet Protocol (IP) packets on exit so that they appear to originate from the router. In the reverse communications path, responses are mapped back to the originating IP address using the rules ("state") stored in the translation tables. The translation table rules established in this fashion are flushed after a short period without new traffic refreshing their state. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

Samba Samba is a free software re-implementation of SMB/CIFS networking protocol, originally developed by Australian Andrew Tridgell. As of version 3, Samba provides file and print services for various Microsoft Windows clients and can integrate with a Windows Server domain, either as a Primary Domain Controller (PDC) or as a domain member. It can also be part of an Active Directory domain. Samba runs on most Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Solaris, AIX and the BSD variants, including Apple's Mac OS X Server (which was added to the Mac OS X client in version 10.2). Samba is standard on nearly all distributions of Linux and is commonly included as a basic system service on other Unix-based operating systems as well. Samba is released under the GNU General Public License. The name Samba comes from SMB (Server Message Block), the name of the standard protocol used by the Microsoft Windows network file system. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

Generally speaking, a switch has the potential to quickly change how nodes communicate with each other, and a switch usually work at Layer 2 (Data or Datalink) of the OSI Reference Model, using MAC addresses. On the other hand, a router works at Layer 3 (Network) with Layer 3 addresses (IP, IPX or Appletalk, depending on which Layer 3 protocols are being used). Besides, a switch uses different algorithms from a router to decide how to forward packets. One of these differences in the algorithms between a switch and a router is how broadcasts are handled. On any network, the concept of a broadcast packet is vital to the operability of a network. Whenever a device needs to send out information but doesn't know whom to send, it sends out a broadcast. For example, every time a new computer or other device comes on to the network, it sends out a broadcast packet to announce its presence. The other nodes (such as a domain server) can add the computer to their browser list (kind of like an address directory) and communicate directly with that computer from that point on. Broadcasts are used any time a device needs to make an announcement to the rest of the network or is unsure of who the recipient of the information should be. A hub or a switch will pass along any broadcast packets they receive to all the other segments in the broadcast domain, but a router will not. Think about a four-way intersection: All of the traffic passed through the intersection no matter where it was going. Now imagine that this intersection is at an international border. To pass through the intersection, you must provide the border guard with the specific address that you are going to. If you don't have a specific destination, then the guard will not let you pass. A router works like this. Without the specific address of another device, it will not let the data packet through. This is good to keep networks separate from each other, but not so good when you want to talk between different parts of the same network. This is where switches come in.

A:

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) It is a set of networking protocols that allow devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the implementation of networks in the home (data sharing, communications, and entertainment) and in corporate environments for simplified installation of computer components. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

WDS A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a system that enables the wireless interconnection of access points in an IEEE 802.11 network. It allows a wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them, as is traditionally required. The notable advantage of WDS over other solutions is that it preserves the MAC addresses of client packets across links between access points. An access point can be either a main, relay or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to the wired Ethernet. A relay base station relays data between remote base stations, wireless clients or other relay stations to either a main or another relay base station. A remote base station accepts connections from wireless clients and passes them on to relay or main stations. Connections between "clients" are made using MAC addresses rather than by specifying IP assignments. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a standard for easy and secure establishment of a wireless home network, created by the Wi-Fi Alliance and officially launched on January 8, 2007. The goal of the WPS protocol is to simplify the process of configuring security on wireless networks, and so it was first named 'Wi-Fi Simple Config'. The protocol is meant to allow home users who know little of wireless security and may be intimidated by the available security options to configure Wi-Fi Protected Access, which is supported by all Wi-Fi certified devices. (Source: Wikipedia)

A:

A switch is effectively a higher-performance alternative to a hub. Users can benefit more from a switch than a hub. Technically speaking, hubs operate using a broadcast model and switches operate using a virtual circuit model. When four computers are connected to a hub, for example, and two of those computers communicate with each other, hubs simply pass through all network traffic to each of the four computers. Switches, on the other hand, are capable of determining the destination of each individual traffic element (such as an Ethernet frame) and selectively forwarding data to the one computer that actually needs it. By decreasing network traffic in delivering messages, a switch performs better than a hub on busy networks. Inside a hub, all ports are connected to each other. A hub provides a network, which connects all stations together, shares the same path and operation mode. For example, when five PCs connected to a 100Mbps hub, these 5 PC will share the 100Mbps and each PC can only obtain 20Mbps bandwidth. Also, when one port in a hub receives a data frame, the hub will copy this frame to all ports in that hub. The features will not only expose all data to public but also cause serious collision when the traffic increases. On the other hand, inside a switch, all the ports are connected to each other only when addressed. A switch provides a network, which connects stations only when they access each other. Each port on a 100Mbps switch has independent 100Mbps bandwidth. A switch will learn the attached PC's MAC address automatically. When receiving a data frame, it will check MAC table. If the switch finds the MAC address in the table, it will transfer the data directly to that port and reduce the traffic rather than copy to all ports. As a result, collision seldom happens in a switch.

A:

A Switch is suggested to be used while below status occurred: (1). Server requesting takes longer time caused by network collisions occurring seriously. (2). Transmission getting slower within the network collision area. (3). The traffic jam occurs within the network due to segment bandwidth bottleneck. (4). The bandwidth gets insufficient within the network effected by the traffic increasing.